A REVIEW OF LIFE IN DARWINS UNIVERSE
David C. Bennett, D. Min.
Psalm 148:1-5 Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the LORD from the heavens:
praise him in the heights. 2 Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all
his hosts. 3 Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. 4
Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens. 5
Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created.
Acts 4:24 ...they lifted up their voice to God with one accord, and said, Lord,
thou art God, which hast made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all that in
them is
Acts 14:15 ...turn from these vanities unto the living God, which
made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all things that are therein
Colossians 1:16, 17 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and
that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions,
or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him: 17
And he is before all things, and by him all things consist.
Hebrews 11:1, 3
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not
seen. 3 Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of
God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
Revelation 14:7 ...Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his
judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and
the fountains of waters.
How many books rest upon the shelf gathering dust
for years without being read or even opened? Such is the case with this book.
Not until a few weeks ago did I really look at the book. Why I purchased it I do
not know but I did and it has rested on the book shelf unread until now.
Life
in Darwins Universe was written by Gene Bylinsky who, according to the jacket,
has won sixteen citations and awards for his scientific and medical writing.
The book was first printed in 1981 and is still available from Amazon. Isaac
Asimov wrote a recommendation for the book which appears on the back cover.
Asimov said that Bylinskys telling is successful and timely in a day when
Creationists are trying to push the scientific clock back to Babylonian
mythology. Bad Creationists! Frank Drake, Director for the Carl Sagan Center
for the Study of Life in the Universe, also wrote a review on the back cover
saying Bylinsky has done the world a great favour by giving us an accurate,
clear picture of the processes of evolution and their astounding consequences,
now and in the future. What Mr. Bylinsky writes may be accurate to the theory
of evolution and clear to an evolutionist but to me it takes more faith to
believe what Mr. Bylinsky writes than it does to believe the Bible.
These are undoubtedly intelligent men (in Asimovs case was and he now knows
better) but intelligent men who have been duped by Satan into believing the Lie
of Evolution. Accepting the Lie of Evolution ultimately leads to accepting
abortion, sodomy and euthanasia to name just a few.
So why write a
review? One reason is that evolution is one BIG LIE of Satan himself and needs
to be addressed for this Lie has been accepted by the general public without
many if any questions asked. Howbeit, What is surprising and sad, however, is
the trend within the church—within the evangelical church—to abandon sound
biblical doctrine in light of "the latest scientific evidence, particularly
when that evidence is filtered through a naturalistic and atheistic worldview.
Perhaps, just perhaps, one of those professing Christians will read this review
and the Lord will use it to help them wake-up to the Biblical truth concerning
origins.
A second reason is to hopefully show from the evolutionists own
writings how absurd and sometimes laughable this theory and all that goes with
it really is. Isaac Asimov, mentioned earlier, was a professor of biochemistry
at Boston University but he was also a prolific writer of science fiction books.
Much of this book LIFE IN DARWINS UNIVERSE fits that description, science
fiction.
The purpose of Gene Bylinskys writing this book is given on the
front flap of the jacket. It says he examines the many paths of evolution
from the primitive life in Earths oceans to the sometimes odd creatures found
on the isolated small continent of Australia. A question is asked on the back
flap Under what conditions could life begin on other planets in the universe?
This book seeks to answer that question and in doing so offers a lot of
Bylinskys imagination and very little true science and contains many pictures
attempting to depict such life. However, the true purpose of the book from this
reviewers perspective is that Bylinsky seeks to prove that evolution is the
answer for the origin of everything and that a Creator God is just not
necessary.
It must be emphasized that evolution is certainly a faith system,
for as Dr. Duane Gish says The "big-bang" theory of the origin of the universe
contradicts much physical evidence and seemingly can only be accepted by faith.
This faith system of the evolutionist is usually without God but there are those
who want to have it both ways saying ...that some intelligent designer created
the universe and used the various types of evolution to accomplish his goals.
This designer has intervened in history at various points and helped out his
creation from time to time. The problem with this idea is that there is no way
to tell when the designer intervened, and acceptance of this designer does not
mean that the God of the Bible exists. Intelligent design, as a movement, does
not recognize or promote any particular god, but accepts any. This idea may very
well lead people away from the true God of the Bible by allowing them to choose
whatever story they want to. The idea has been rejected by evolutionary
scientists and the courts.
The book is divided into three parts. Chapter
one through three is under Part One: IN THE BEGINNING. Chapter four through
eight are under Part Two: DARWINS UNIVERSE. Chapter nine and ten are under Part
Three: THE SEARCH NARROWS.
INTRODUCTION
In the INTRODUCTION Mr. Bylinsky
states Support for the conclusion that life is common throughout the universe
comes from recent discoveries by radio astronomers that the basic molecules that
make up life are scattered throughout the velvety blackness of the cosmos like
seeds on a freshly plowed field. He then says ...we now know that the universe
is a vast chemical laboratory where not only is the matter that goes into the
making of the stars the same everywhere, but the building blocks are the same.
Is this true? Dr. Henry Morris in his book Scientific Creationism says ...the
moon landing have permitted man actually to study the composition and structure
of some of the materials from at least one extra-terrestrial body. Enough has
been found now to permit the firm conclusion that the earth and its moon are of
vastly different structure and therefore could not have the same celestial
evolutionary ancestor.
Further on in the INTRODUCTION the author states
that ...this book begins at the beginning, the creation of our universe in the
immense explosion that has become known as the Big Bang. Of course this cannot
be proven scientifically. Strange to think is it not that what we see today
evolutionists believe originated from an explosion! Usually an explosion causes
disorder rather than order! Try putting some dynamite under a pile of metal and
lighting the dynamite. See if that Big Bang assembles an automobile!
He then
says that due to the chemical and biological evolution on Earth one can
therefore ...view the possibilities bound to exist on the billions of
life-bearing planets that are believed to circle other suns. Note the words
possibilities and believed. The evolutionist reasons that ... if our sun
somehow evolved by a planetary system by natural processes, then surely those
same processes must have evolved similar planetary systems around at least a
certain number of other stars.
The last chapters of the book are said to
consider the chances of locating other life bearing planets and establishing
contact with their habitations. Note the words chances of. Also in the
INTRODUCTION the author states that It is the growing realization that life
everywhere must obey the universal laws of chemistry and physics... How can
this be; for as Dr. Morris writes It seems obvious that the evolution model
would predict that matter, energy and the laws are still evolving since they
must have evolved in the past and there is no external agent to bring such
evolution to a halt.
However, Creationists obviously would predict that
the basic laws, as well as the fundamental nature of matter and energy, would
not now be changing at all. They were all completely created finished in the
past, and are being conserved in the present.
Dr. Duane Gish states There
were no natural laws in existence during this hypothetical early stage of the
origin of the universe. Evolutionists must suppose that the natural laws that
now govern the operation of the known universe somehow were produced by the Big
Bang. Therefore, its origin could not have been based on natural laws. If
creation is excluded then likewise all evolutionary theories on the origin of
the universe must also be excluded.
CHAPTER ONE
BUILDING LIFES STAGES
On page 5 the author states The universe was born in a blinding flash that
lit up the blackness and continued to shine for nearly a million years. In the
beginning was the word..., says the Bible, and the word, say the cosmologists,
was light. Why does Mr. Bylinsky quote the Bible? Does he hope to disprove the
Bible?
Evolutionists come up with millions and billions of years without any
evidence to back their statement. It seems an evolutionist treats years as
socialists do other peoples money. How does he know it was nearly a million
years? But then on the same page he writes ...there was a beginning before the
beginning. Somehow, prior to that big blast that occurred 15 to 20 billion years
ago...matter - perhaps the remains of a previous universe that had contracted
onto itself-had condensed into one primordial superatom. The explosion was
unlike any we are familiar with on Earth. Instead of starting from the center,
it occurred everywhere at once, making every particle rush away from every other
particle. Note somehow and the time line of 15 to 20 billion years ago. The
somehow cannot be scientifically proven so the masses of thought to be
illiterate must accept it as fact?! Do not ask questions!
Then the billions
of years mean; given enough time anything can happen! Subsequently because the
scientist knows more than we, even though he was not there and his theory was
not and cannot be proven scientifically by observation, we are to accept the
reality that out of a blast and an explosion 15 to 20 billion years ago we
are here and all that we see around us is here due to that blast and explosion!
Of course, again we must stress that no one was there to see it and usually
blasts and explosions cause disorder rather than order. Sadly this theory isnt
classified science fiction but is being taught as science!
Dr. Duane Gish
points out The most widely accepted theory on the origin of the universe is
known technically as inflation theory, but is generally referred to as the Big
Bang theory. It was recognized that the standard Big Bang theory had insuperable
flaws, so something else had to be postulated to rescue the theory. Alan Guth,
now at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, invented the notion, based on
quantum theory, that prior to the Big Bang there occurred a fluctuation of a
false vacuum. The particle, or whatever it might be called, that was produced in
a tiny fraction of a second, inflated itself into something about the size of a
grapefruit. From this point on the remainder of the universe was produced
essentially similar to the original Big Bang theory...
On page five we read
that There is still no universal agreement, though, on how planets were formed
in our solar system. Then on page 6 the word creative appears. The creative
processes by which the present beautiful order of the solar system was
developed, as T. J. J. See, a turn - of - the century American astronomer put
it, of necessity involved violence. Note the words creative, beautiful and
order. The word creative carries the idea of original, imaginative, inspired,
artistic, ingenious and innovative. Then beautiful has the thought of delightful
and attractive. Order carries with it arrangement and organization. Creative and
beautiful order sounds like a Creator may be the central figure in all of this
to me!
On page 10 we are told that Both the atmosphere and the oceans owe
their origins to violent upheavals inside the forming Earth. Volcanoes spewed
out gases that went into making the atmosphere. A mixture of carbon dioxide,
methane, carbon monoxide, ammonia, water, nitrogen, and hydrogen escaped to the
surface and became part of the primitive atmosphere.
Mr. Blylinsky then
continues on page 10 that Ultraviolet radiation from the sun beat down on the
oceans surface unhindered by any protective layer of ozone, since the Earthly
atmosphere consisted mainly of those original constituents of the universe:
hydrogen and helium. With water plentiful and radiation acting as a catalyst,
the stage was set for the emergence of life. You talk about faith; the
evolutionist has it as do Christians. From poisonous gases spewed out by
volcanoes and a mixture of just the right amount of chemicals, radiation and no
ozone and poof given enough time we are here along with all that we see today!
Does it matter if there was or was not ozone? Well to some it does. How could
life have formed and evolved in such a hostile environment? According to our
calculations, there was virtually no ozone in the early atmosphere to protect
against ultraviolet radiation levels that were much greater than they are today.
It clearly should have affected the evolution of life on earth.
However,
If we were to grant the evolutionists assumption of no oxygen in the original
atmosphere, another fatal problem arises. Since the ozone is made of oxygen, it
would not exist; and the ultraviolet rays from the sun would destroy any
biological molecules. This presents a no-win situation for the evolution model.
If there was oxygen, life could not start. If there was no oxygen, life could
not start. Michael Denton notes:
What we have is sort of a Catch 22
situation. If we have oxygen we have no organic compounds, but if we dont have
oxygen we have none either.
Because life could not have originated on land,
some evolutionists propose that life started in the oceans. The problem with
life starting in the oceans, however, is that as organic molecules formed, the
water would have immediately destroyed them through a process called hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis, which means water splitting, is the addition of a water molecule
between two bonded molecules (two amino acids in this case), which causes them
to split apart. Many scientists have noted this problem.
Besides breaking up
polypeptides, hydrolysis would have destroyed many amino acids.
In general
the half-lives of these polymers in contact with water are on the order of days
and months—time spans which are surely geologically insignificant.
Furthermore, water tends to break chains of amino acids apart. If any proteins
had formed in the oceans 3.5 billion years ago, they would have quickly
disintegrated.
Scientifically, there is no known solution for how life could
have chemically evolved on the earth.
CHAPTER TWO
THE CURTAIN RISES
On page 11 according to the author the Earth obviously was the kind of planet
needed for life to emerge or at least life as we know it, as scientists like
to qualify that statement. Well according to Isaiah 45:18 God ...himself that
formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain,
he formed it to be inhabited...
However, not accepting the simple fact of
Scripture the author continues on page 11 saying Paradoxically, life began its
explosive expansion that eventually led to man in an oxygen-rich, or
oxidizing, atmosphere. Organisms had to adjust to living with poisonous
oxygen and learn to like it. A synonym for paradox is absurd and that is what
this is! How did these organisms adjust to living with poisonous oxygen and also
learn to live with that poison? Was it a miracle?
On page 12 it says When
life began on Earth, though, there wasnt any oxygen in the atmosphere. The
first organisms, presumably fermenting bacteria, exploited organic, or carbon
containing, molecules available in the environment. They ate up the organic
soup. Then continuing on page 12 the author states What is clear...is that
the basic building blocks of life are easy to produce from nonliving matter. He
uses the experiment by Stanley Miller in 1953 at the University of Chicago as
proof. He says Miller and other scientists elsewhere eventually produced most
of the components of the basic molecules that constitute life: nucleotides and
amino acids. Note the words most of. Also it took an intelligent being
(howbeit an evolutionist) to perform this experiment.
The author then quotes
Miller on page 13 saying Now there is a whole body of work showing that organic
compounds are easy to make and the ones you get are those more or less that
occur in living organisms.
Is it true that Miller did produce the building
blocks of life and are they EASY to make? What did Miller do and did his or any
of those experiments after his really prove chemical evolution? Dr. Duane Gish
says Miller circulated a mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor
through an apparatus containing an electrical discharge chamber. Products of the
reaction were collected in a cold trap. After circulating the gases for about a
week, Miller analyzed the aqueous solution in the trap. He found that it
contained glycine and alanine, the two simplest amino acids, plus small amounts
of two other amino acids, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. In addition to these
amino acids, which are constituents of proteins, several other nonprotein amino
acids, as well as a number of amines and acids were found.
Since Miller's
experiment, other origin of life chemists have produced a variety of amino
acids, sugars, purines, pyrimidines, and other compounds under a variety of
conditions and using various gases. Evolutionists have generally accepted these
results uncritically, hailing them as providing sure evidence that naturalistic
processes would have provided the prebiotic "soup" necessary for the origin of
life. Kenyon and Steinman state, for example, The experiments discussed in this
chapter indicate that a rich variety of biologically important molecules could
have been synthesized on the primitive Earth by simple means.
The first
thing that must be emphasized about these results is that while the production
of these compounds is a vital necessity in any origin of life scheme, success at
this stage is many orders of magnitude easier to achieve than success at the
next stage, which would include arranging these subunits in the precise order
required for biologically active proteins, DNA and RNA. Furthermore, bringing
these large biologically active molecules together into a coordinated functional
system required for a living cell is again many orders of magnitude more
difficult and less likely. In other words, even if these results are accepted
uncritically, they are trivial in view of the immensity of the overall problem.
Dr. Henry Morris comments on Millers experiment saying amino acids are not
living things in any sense at all. Further-more, Millers apparatus included a
trap to separate them as soon as they were formed, otherwise they would have
been broken down by the same atmospheric conditions which produced them. Such
protection would not have been available on the primitive earth.
Klaus
Dose, Director of the Institute for Biochemistry at the Johannes Gutenberg
University in West Germany, an evolutionist himself, wrote that Considerable
disagreements between scientists have arisen about detailed evolutionary steps.
The problem is that the principal evolutionary processes from prebiotic
molecules to progenotes have not been proven by experimentation and that the
environmental conditions under which these processes occurred are not known.
Moreover, we do not actually know where the genetic information of all living
cells originates, how the first replicable polynucleotides (nucleic acids)
evolved, or how the extremely complex structure-function relationships in modern
cells came into existence.
On page 14 the author says ...the coming
together of those ingredients to produce the first self-replicating
molecule...was the crucial moment a miracle of chemical creation. Even
evolutionists believe in miracles howbeit naturalistic. Mr. Bylinsky is not
alone in his thinking concerning a miracle without Divine intervention for a
fellow evolutionist, Francis Crick, wrote An honest man, armed with all the
knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin
of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions
which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going.
Still on page
14 the question is asked Which came first, the cell or the gene? This is the
old chicken and egg problem to evolutionists. Bylinsky then says Scientists
still argue the question. They argue for these scientists know The origin of
life is very problematic to explain using naturalistic mechanisms. A textbook I
have used to teach a college-level biology class devotes three full pages to the
issue. After proposing several theories, all of which are explained using much
conditional language such as perhaps, may have, and could have, the
authors end the section with this statement: Once the protocells [primitive
cells] acquired genes that could replicate they became cells capable of
reproducing, and evolution begins (brackets added). The authors are basically
saying that the origin of life is so extremely difficult to explain using
naturalistic theories that we are going to gloss over it and get to the part we
think we know something about.
On page 16 the author states an important
truth but it doesnt stop him and others like him from continuing to verbalize
their theories of origins via evolution as fact. He wrote that ...no one has
been able to show yet in the laboratory how DNA can arise from random chemical
subunits. Continuing on page 16 Mr. Bylinsky says It appears...billions of
years ago, life was governed by energy crises. If the chemicals back in those
early evolutionary stages of life on this planet could overcome the energy
crises then why can the same not happen today?
On page 17 he explains what
that energy crisis was and how it was met. He says the first microorganisms
multiplied but their growth became limited by the limited energy derived from
fermentation. This was the first energy crises. However, to meet these crises
miraculously new types of bacteria evolved. However these new microorganisms
decreased the level of atmospheric hydrogen to a point where further extraction
of chemical energy from the atmosphere became difficult. This was the second
energy crises. Nevertheless, nature is a marvellous thing for It was solved by
the evolution of photosynthesis... This amazing act of evolution can
justifiable be called the most important biochemical event to evolve on Earth,
for it led eventually to the development of oxygen-powered cells that were the
forerunners of animal life on Earth. Talk about faith!!
The creationist who
believes the Word of God asks Could the selection of random mutations, as
neo-Darwinists propose, have led to such an amazingly coordinated, sophisticated
system? The most that current research can do, having left no part to
randomness, is to produce a pale copy of just one part of photosynthesis.
Where did photosynthesis come from? Those who develop machines by copying the
ordered processes of intricate, efficient machines found in nature ought to
recognize that millions of years could not, and thus did not, build them.
Inanimate objects and undirected processes, no matter what their ages are
projected to be, are not observed to select things—scientists, inventors, and
other rational beings are. Therefore, the more reasonable possibility is that
the Creator God created manganese, then selected it as a catalyst to supply the
oxygen and plant growth necessary for life here on earth.
Continuing on the
same subject of photosynthesis Dr. John Morris says evolutionists must somehow
account for the origin of photosynthetic ability and the DNA code, not to
mention the myriads of other abilities and parts of the plant (or animal or
cell). The plant appears to have been designed to do what it does right from the
start. How could random changes in non-living chemicals produce any precursor of
these entities, and how could random mutations in any (simple) living system
produce the unfathomable complexity we now observe, when every random change we
see points to disintegration, not improvement. Even wild hopes like "chaos
theory," or "dissipative structures," merely produce (at best) interesting
arrays of presently existing forms, not new and more capable structures, or
abilities.
Up to now what evolutionary thinking promotes is not very clear,
at least to a simple mind such as I have, but on page 17, Mr. Bylinsky says that
to him Whats clear...is that within a little more than a billion years of the
Earths formation, microscopic, single-celled organisms resembling bacteria were
already in existence. However, the next leap to cells with nuclei, or
eukaryotic cells, and to multicellular organisms, took twice as long, or two
billion years. Years to the evolutionist is like taxpayers money is to the
politician, there is plenty of it!
On page 19 the author says that
scientists of the evolutionary way of thinking have concluded that the
transition from nonbiological organic, or carbon-containing, matter to simple
life was easier than the step from one-celled bacteria to multicelled
organisms. However, he states, this dramatic idea might be just an illusion,
because the history of the first billion years of life on Earth has been almost
completely erased by geological upheavals. So due to these upheavals and the
destruction of any evidence to back their theory the evolutionist goes ahead and
makes up a story!
What about that cell that just happened to come into being
through naturalistic circumstances? David Rosevear says With all the amazingly
complex, mutually-dependent components, it seems that the cell had to be
complete from the beginning, rather than being assembled piecemeal over years of
evolution.
On page 19 the author tells us that From the first cell came
many-celled creatures; then came the crustaceans; next the fishes, which were
the first animals with a backbone, and eventually man. On the same page he
assures us that our earliest ancestor had learned to utilize oxygen instead of
sunlight for energy production. This is laughable. If evolution or the process
of evolution is so smart how come evolution doesnt work out the answer to the
supposed problem of hypothetical global warming or climate change of today?
But wait a minute is jumping from that first cell to learning to use oxygen to
becoming man a BIG JUMP whether it is a billion or two billion years? Yes it is,
for The simplest form of life imaginable would require hundreds of different
kinds of molecules, perhaps thousands, most of them large and very complex. With
respect to this point, Van Rensselaer Potter states, It is possible to hazard a
guess that the number is not less than 1,000, but whether it is 3,000 or 10,000
or greater is anyone's guess. This statement not only acknowledges the
immensity of the problem, but also is a tacit admission of how little is really
known or knowable about the problem.
The author says on page 19 it is
probably the height of egotism to say that our solar system is unique in the
universe and that no other system exists. On page 21 the author speaks of a
rather narrow zone of life and miraculously The Earth appears to be ideally
situated in the middle of the zone. Well Isaiah knew this when he wrote For
thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth
and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to
be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else Isaiah 45:18.
The
extremely fine line between an environment where life can and cannot exist is
illustrated by the fact that it is estimated a five-degree temperature change in
the average worldwide temperature would, in time, seriously affect life on the
Earth, and much greater temperature change could be disastrous to life. The
tolerances are extremely small, and if there are any other planets in the
universe, it is unlikely that any of them could have life due to the extremely
rigid conditions required for life to exist.
The chances of a planet being
the right size, the proper distance away from the right sized star, and the
other conditions noted in this article are extremely minute, even if many stars
have planets circling them as some speculate. The mathematical odds that all of
these and other essential conditions happened by chance are
astronomical--something like billions to one!
Nevertheless, the
evolutionist desires for there to be life somewhere other than on this planet.
On pages 23 and 24 the author writes that the Discovery of even the simplest
kind of life on another planet-or remnants of life-of course would remove the
creation of life from the miraculous and tell us that life is an inevitable
outcome of chemical evolution of matter everywhere.
On page 24 quoting
another evolutionist the author writes, You look at the interstellar molecules
and you see cyanide and formaldehyde. These two can provide the pathway for
everything else.
There is a simplicity in the whole scheme-so much so that
you practically feel that the whole universe is trying to make life. Not so
says Dr. Charles McCombs and Brian Thomas. They write Could cyanide be the next
new component in the recipe for life? Its highly unlikely, since cyanide
radicals, like other free radicals, are so reactive that they would totally
destroy all building blocks for proteins and DNA that might be present, even in
the absence of oxygen.
Despite what is known of its destructive chemistry, if
cyanide were assumed to be a new source of organic material, it would not help a
forming cell to store and process information, metabolize energy, copy all
essential cellular components into a subsequent generation, and keep itself
separate itself from—and yet interact with—its environment. And even if cyanide
somehow overcame these hurdles, its presence would create a very toxic
environment for any newly formed organism.
Instead of trying to add one more
ingredient to the recipe for life, researchers might have more success just
asking who wrote that recipe. If natural processes could not have made it, and
yet it exists, then there is evidence for an intelligent Creator. The data fit
creation.
The author ends chapter two by saying On Earth alone...the
diversity of life has been far greater than we realize, hinting at the
directions life can take on other planets. That is the hope of the evolutionist
and NASA to find life somewhere out there in space.
CHAPTER THREE
CONQUEST OF THE LAND
Here we go with the spitting out years like they
were minutes. On page 26 the author writes Another billion years passed....
and Then, 400 million years ago... and then Nearly 3 billion years had
elapsed between the time of the first living molecules appeared and the
beginning of the conquest of the land. The author then asks Why did it take so
long? I wonder why he asks that question for from everything he has said it is
time and lots of it that allows for this theory to happen. At any rate he asks
the question and then attempts to answer it. On page 27 he explains that one
reason it took so long is because it was only about 1.3 billion years ago that
the searing heat that developed the early Earth began to decline from 160
degrees to 126 degrees Fahrenheit. It was For 2.7 billion years the simple
anaerobic bacteria, those that thrive in the absence of oxygen, were the only
life on Earth Then it was 600 million years ago some eukaryotic
cells...evolved a metabolic pathway that enabled them to use oxygen for
energy-increasing their energy production eighteenfold. Amazing!
Continuing
on page 27 he writes This giant leap in energy yield fuelled the development of
higher animals... This happened during the Cambrian Period, which lasted from
570 million to 500 million years ago. It was after the Cambrian Period the
author says that there was a major expansion of the invertebrates in what is
called the Ordovician age. Then About 400 million years ago, the ozone shield
was finally in place, and with shallow seas covering large areas of Pangaea,
primitive plants began to establish a beachhead on the fringes of the land. Now
To cope with the new environment, the primitive plants had to evolve a number
of advanced features. (Emphasis added) Think now, is there anything in the last
two paragraphs that seem almost impossible, if not totally impossible, happening
even with enough time?
However, speaking about the Cambrian period Dr. Duane
Gish said In the Cambrian geological strata there occurs a sudden, great
outburst of fossils of animals on a highly developed level of complexity. In the
Cambrian rocks are found billions of fossils of animals so complex that the
evolutionists estimate they would have required one and a half billion years to
evolve. Trilobites, brachiopods, sponges, corals, jellyfish, in fact every one
of the major invertebrate forms of life are found in the Cambrian. What is found
in rocks supposedly older than the Cambrian, that is in the so-called
pre-Cambrian rocks? Not a single indisputable fossil! Certainly it can be said
without fear of contradiction, the evolutionary predecessors of the Cambrian
fauna have never been found. Dont confuse the evolutionist with the facts Dr.
Gish.
What about that place called Pangaea of which Bylinsky speaks? Brian
Thomas writes The standard story of the origin of Australia goes something like
this: Many millions of years ago, the earth had one continent called Pangaea.
Around 120 million years ago, a landmass that included the future Africa and
South America inexplicably broke off and began pulling away. Then, 80 million
years ago Australia separated from Antarctica—thus Australia became isolated.
The creatures trapped on Australia underwent millions of years of evolution
separately from the creatures on other continents, since there was no breeding
across continents then.
All it takes is one fossil bone to throw a wrench
into that tale. The Herald Sun reported on June 12, 2008, that a 19cm forearm
bone was found near Cape Otway, Australia. The bone looks just like one from the
South American megaraptor! How did a South American land-dwelling dinosaur get
to Australia? The Sun reports, The investigators say the two dinosaurs are so
similar that land bridges must have persisted between southern South America and
the Western Antarctic Archipelago until at least the Late Eocene, a period
that began some 40 million years ago.
Wait a minute. Was Australia connected
to other continents via land bridges 80 million years ago, or 40? Is either of
these estimates even in the ballpark?
This fossil discovery fits well with a
biblical history, which goes something like this: Around 2348 BC, a worldwide
flood crushed and reshaped the earths surface, breaking up a single landmass
(Pangaea) into continents and fossilizing countless living things. Prior to the
Flood megaraptors roamed Pangaea, during the Flood they were fossilized, and in
the late Flood stages the boundaries of new continents (along with their
fossils) were roughly shaped. Unlike the standard story, the outlines of this
history have been testified to by reliable eyewitnesses, and this testimony has
been faithfully preserved in Genesis.
On page 29 Bylinsky says Nature
emphasizes simplicity... Because of this simplicity which nature emphasizes
fish that stayed in the freshwater areas began to push along the shallow
bottoms of the ponds, from one wet place to another, gulping air on the way.
Inevitably, these fish got better and better at breathing air and using their
fins for shoving their bodies along. Particularly skilful at trundling from
shallow pool to shallow pool were the crossopterygians; the structure of their
fin bones made for fairly easy locomotion on land. They didnt choose to go
onto land, says N. John Berrill, the noted English born biologist. They
suddenly found themselves there and made the best of it. (Emphasis added)
They suddenly found themselves there and made the best of it! If creationists
said such things the noise from the laughing and scoffing would be unbearable
but not so when an evolutionist says it! Dr. Henry Morris says evolutionists
were embarrassed when the crossopterygian was discovered alive and well in the
waters near Madagascar in 1958. He says It is hard to see how these fish could
have become amphibians when they are still the same as they were a hundred
million years ago when they began to make the transition. There seem, however,
to be no other candidates. The lungfish, the walking catfish, and other fish
that seem to have certain resemblances to land animals, have all been ruled out
by evolutionists for various reasons. Nevertheless the evolutionist continues
telling his story for on page 29 Bylinsky says The fish gradually evolved into
amphibians resembling short-tailed alligators.
On page 30 the author says
the final and big break with the sea for most amphibians then living came late,
in the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) age, 275 million years ago. Later on the
same page he writes that Human reproduction also is based on the amniote-egg
principle, illustrating mans direct link to the reptile. The mammalian system,
of course, differs from the reptilian, but there are basic similarities. For as
Bylinsky says; The reptiles took the ocean with them onto the land and
repackaged it into an egg. Then on pages 30 and 31 as the climate on the earth
changed it was about 200 million years ago, the first dinosaurs appeared. Then
on page 31 we get the wow factor of evolution. Bylinsky says The fact that
similarities evolved under differing circumstances, and that contrasts developed
when similar circumstances, hints at the rich possibilities for life to take on
its path of evolution. Dr. Morris states that The fact that the DNA molecule
is necessary for the reproduction and that it only operate in the presence of
proteins which it had previously specified and organized seems to be an
impenetrable barrier to...evolution.
CHAPTER FOUR
THE TURNS AND TWISTS
OF EVOLUTION ON EARTH
In this land of make believe that the evolutionist
lives in on page 35 the author states that In the mists of prehistory, you
might say three planets named Earth circled the sun. Here again years are
thrown around like a pair of dice. The author talks about the earth going
through great strain and stresses 200 million years ago. Then later on page 35
he says about 180 million years ago, Australia and Antarctica broke off...
Before the page is finished he states that about 130 million years ago, North
and South America began to separate from their respective continents... Of
course neither he nor any of his evolutionary friends were there but it makes a
good story or so they think.
The passing of years to the evolutionist is
nothing. They speak on millions of years as nothing. On page 41 Bylinsky says
that although dinosaurs...ruled the earth for almost 100 million years,
obviously were losers. These dinosaurs were not able to adjust to whatever
drastic environmental changes they faced so they began to die out 75 million
years ago, and within about 10 million years-an instant in geological time-the
giant reptiles had vanished. One hundred million, 75 million, ten million but
who is counting?
Then on page 46 Bylinsky says Australia is believed to
have moved north three thousand miles in the past 100 million years. Then
Australias neighbour New Zealand is said on page 47 to have parted company
from the main southern landmass about 160 million years ago.
Going on to
page 48 we read that the fossils of animals in South America date back to early
in the Age of Mammals, or about 60 million years ago. In the next paragraph on
page 48 Bylinsky writes The next fossil find, dating back to 55 to 60 million
years ago... There is a difference of five million between 55 and 60 million
but what is five million years when speaking of evolutionary time?
On page
56 Bylinsky quotes Robert Jastrow in that to bear life a planet must squeeze
through a narrow gate (in terms of being exactly the right distance from just
the right type of star), then man just barely squeezed through a crack in the
evolutionary door. We owe our existence to not an all mighty God but to this
crack pawned off on the public by crackpots!
Then on page 57 we read that
its only within the past million years that those ancestral apes became more
human-like, and only within the past one hundred thousand years that man
attained his present form.
Bylinsky continues his walk down memory lane on
page 58 writing that the ancestors of man set off on their million-year-long
trek toward skyscraper cities and the atom bomb. Now the stars beckon. All this
from a Big Bang! Amazing!
Mr. Bylinsky believes life would be different from
what we see today if evolution had taken another twist and turn. For instance on
page 62 he says Reptiles...could have become much more intelligent than they
did. He then writes Our illustration on the opposite page shows an intelligent
repite taking mans place on the evolutionary tree.
Not giving up Bylinsky
writes on page 64 that Evolution is a great restructurer. It takes equipment
and parts at hand, and by using unimaginable millennia, it keeps remolding
existing parts and structures, adding on to them and using old parts in new
ways. An example of this is The human ear...it consists of parts that
originally had little or nothing to do with hearing.
Does enough time
really help evolution? Brian Thomas writes that In a news release, Dr.
Sarpeshkar said that engineers can learn a great deal from studying biological
systems that have evolved over hundreds of millions of years to perform sensory
and motor tasks very efficiently in noisy environments while using very little
power. But what does a long time span actually accomplish within biological
systems?
Biological systems relentlessly break down. Even with DNA and
tissue repair mechanisms in place, hearing loss occurs in individuals of all
vertebrate groups over just one lifetime. And mutations stack up over the course
of multiple lifetimes, which eventually leads to mutational meltdown. The long
periods of time considered necessary for evolution actually hurt and do not help
the theory. With more time comes more degeneration, not more organization.
CHAPTER FIVE
DICTATES OF THE ENVIORNMENT
THE LOOK OF LIFE
Chapter
four began Part II of this book which is titled DARWINS UNIVERSE. Chapter five
begins that journey of what life is might be like on other planets. The key to
the book is life without God. On page 80 the author quotes Dr. Cyril
Ponnamperuma saying that to him ...it looks like God is an organic chemist.
On page 81 Bylinsky writes that Evolution, in short, molds the plaster
of life to fit the cast prescribed by the environment. Now, if that be true,
why such a ruckus concerning so-called global warming or climate change,
depending on the day and weather. No matter how bad it gets evolution has an
answer.
On page 102 Bylinsky says To squeeze through the gate of life,
and to produce intelligent life, still another environmental influence had to be
at work. It appears to harbor life a planet must also have undergone geological
processes similar to those that took place on Earth. Specifically, these are
tectonics and continental drift. Here is another it appears scenario.
On page 108 we read Chance obviously plays a role in evolution; if the cause of
the dinosaurs demise was, indeed, a chance event, man may be here by chance.
Then Mr. Bylinsky quotes Carl Sagan on page 108 saying We have a worrisome
tendency to think that if even minor events had gone slightly differently
billions of years ago the organisms today would also be very different... Isa
45:12, 18 I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands,
have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded. 18 For thus
saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and
made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be
inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else.
CHAPTER SIX
OCEAN KINGDOMS AND INSECT WORLDS
On page 110
Bylinsky tells us that Even on Earth, where man prides himself on being the
ruler of the planet, the possibilities for other creatures to assume that role
were always there. Genesis 1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image,
after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and
over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over
every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. The Prince of preachers in
commenting on this verse said man ...was made to be lord of the world; and if
now the beasts rebel against him, it is only because he also has rebelled
against his God.
Mr. Bylinsky continues on page 110 that Any form of
life under certain circumstances could conceivably become intelligent. Man is
unique among all of Gods creatures. Gensis 1:27 So God created man in his own
image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
On page 112 Bylinsky delves into his what ifs by writing If continents
had never surfaced, if Earth or another planet were totally covered with water,
what kind of life would such a planet boast? And, how far in intelligence could
such life-forms proceed?
On page 128 the author considers the ant. He
writes If worker ants on Earth can use tools in such an intelligent manner, it
isnt too much to expect much larger, more intelligent insects elsewhere to use
tools as well as man does. How do men see the marvels of what is around them
and miss the One who has created it and them? Sad indeed! Proverbs 6:6 Go to
the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise. Proverbs 30:25 The
ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer.
CHAPTER SEVEN
LIFE BEYOND DARWIN
Skipping to page 149 we read
where Bylinsky hits on the subject of the superbrain. This superbrain is
really a supercomputer that stores all the wisdom and creative achievements of
the human race and improves on them. The superbrain doesnt communicate with
anyone, only with itself. In other variants, the superbrain becomes and
intelligence encompassing the whole surface of a planet, sometimes becoming a
part of a larger, interplanetary network. Do away with a God to whom we are
responsible and come up with a superbrain with whom we are not responsible.
CHAPTER EIGHT
FURTURE MAN
On page 154 Bylinsky says Some animals,
apparently fitting their niches to near perfection, have remained unaltered for
hundreds of millions of years: frogs and turtles are two examples. Man,
obviously, is much younger than that and probably is still changing. Its
doubtful...that man has reached a state of perfection, at least not in his
behaviour, which, like all his other activities, as well as his bodily
structures, is governed by his biological past. But what lies in mans future?
He proposes that this question can be answered in two ways. One by considering
what has happened to the evolution of intelligence on Earth and secondly what
could have happened on planets of other stars.
Then on page 155 he
writes that mans big brains, as well as our ability to speak, thus are result
of specialization in the search for food and its consumption. The new diet
modified our ancestors jaws and oral cavities, enabling them to speak. Wow!
However, as some have concluded that there is no proof for or against the
existence of God they also say there is no proof for or against the divine
origin of language. Nevertheless, In actual fact: One cannot prove the
existence of God, but He has revealed himself in creation in such a way that we
can deduce His greatness and His wisdom (Psalm 19; Romans 1:1920). The same
holds for the origin of languages. An evolutionary development can be precluded
immediately, and it is clear from the complexity of all languages that behind
and above the brilliant concepts figuring in all of them, there must be an
originator of the ideas. We thus accept the biblical report that God gifted man
with this special ability when he was created. The gift of speech is apparent
from the following particulars:
—creation of the necessary special speech
apparatus for articulation
—the ability to create words (Genesis 2:19)
—the ability to learn a language
—creative use of the language phenomenon
Originally, there was only one language (Genesis 11:1), but at the Babel
judgment (Genesis 11:7 ) God caused many languages to arise, preserving the
ability to express all thoughts in words.
On page 156 Bylinsky writes that
The accidental nature of the evolution of mans brain...might have been
influenced by geological upheavals that set the particular rate of evolution of
intelligence on Earth that led to man. Note the words accidental and might
have been.
Our brain is just an accident of chance according to the
evolutionist whereas The creationist believes that only an omnipotent Creator
could design and construct the human brain! He cannot prove such a fact
scientifically, of course, but neither can the evolutionist...
On page 157
Bylinsky writes the evolution of intelligence proceeded fairly rapidly during
the time 700 million to 200 million years ago. Time almost seems to mean
nothing to the evolutionist and yet it means everything to their theory. Then
something took place about 200 million years ago to drastically slow down the
overall rate of brain development.
On page 158 Bylinsky quotes Dale
Russell saying When human brain size doubled during the last two million
years...man acquired language, libraries and a technology which has enabled him
to explore the planets. With enough time anything is possible for the
evolutionist and his theory. That is all he has is theory for he has no evidence
and he was not there nor was anyone he knows there. For as Bylinsky says on page
158 Such a leap in mental powers, Russell thinks... Russell thinks but does he
know for sure? No, he just thinks it may have happened that way.
So in
the last two million years...man acquired language but how? The evolutionist
has a problem here for The descended larynx is a very puzzling feature. In most
mammals, the
larynx—a tubular structure constituting the upper end of the
windpipe—connects
directly with the back of the nasal passages. A channel
from nostrils to lungs
therefore remains open at all times, so that the
animals can swallow and breathe
simultaneously. But in Homo sapiens the
larynx occupies a new position low in
the throat—a development fraught with
disadvantages.
Given enough time anything can happen or so Bylinsky
believes. On page 161 Bylinsky by faith believes Given enough time, a koala
conceivably could have gone on to develop into a somewhat man-like creature. Is
this conjecture or faith?
On page 162 the author states As for mans future
evolution...it is more likely than not to continue along the lines laid down in
the past. And what a checkered past it has been! In our blood we carry the salt
of primordial oceans. Our arms and legs were once fish flippers. Our womens
amniotic sacs link them directly to the reptiles amniotic eggs-and for both men
and women such links to reptiles extend through the reptilian portion of our
brain, that knob-like structure that constitutes the brains of crocodiles,
frogs, and lizards today.
However, to the creationist there is one
particular aspect of design which is so powerful, so convincing, that it almost
seems unfair to challenge evolution with it. The reference is to our brain, the
greatest concentration of chemo-neurological order and complexity in the
physical universe. It is a video camera and library, a computer and
communication center, all in one. And the more the brain is used the better it
becomes! A detailed picture of the human brain is slowly emerging, the origin of
which seems entirely beyond comprehension from a naturalistic point of view. We
see remarkable purpose and interdependence within the brain—every part works for
the benefit of the whole. Such features are not totally understood; the brain is
unable fully to understand itself. As always, we cannot fully understand the
created, intricate details of the present-day world.
The brain truly
provides an ultimate design challenge for evolution. It should be a cause for
humble praise in considering the wonder of the mind. It is a privilege to
dedicate these minds to the Creator.
CHAPTER NINE
PLANET SEARCH
This chapter is also the beginning of Part Three. Here the author and others
like him venture into the solar system hoping to find life. On page 172 he
quotes Teng Mu saying How unreasonable it would be to suppose that besides the
Earth and the sky which we can see, there are no other skies and no other
Earths. It is the goal of NASA and the SETI Institute ...to explore,
understand and explain the origin, nature and prevalence of life in the
universe.
Billions of taxpayers money is spent on the exploration of
space and as Don DeYoung says Just one word explains the intense interest in
new planets—life. Many scientists are convinced that we are not alone in space.
Since life evolved on Earth, it must likewise have happened elsewhere, either on
planets or their moons.
CHAPTER TEN
CONTACT!
We finally come
to the last chapter in this book and on page 198 the author writes that Any day
now, if radio astronomers are to be believed, a signal from the stars will flash
across the unimaginable gulf of space to end our cosmic loneliness. With six
billion people on this one planet one would not think loneliness would be a
problem. Perhaps the loneliness these people have is that of intelligence. Out
of the six billion there are not enough who are intelligent enough to make
conversation with them! Is that it?
On page 199 contradicting the Bible
the author wrote that With most stars being older than the sun, if
technological civilizations exist, they are likely to be unimaginably more
advanced than ours. Genesis 1:14 - 19 And God said, Let there be lights in the
firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for
signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: 15 And let them be for lights
in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 16
And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser
light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 And God set them in the
firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 And to rule over the
day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw
that it was good. 19 And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
On page 200 we read that To believe that life on Earth is an exceptional
phenomenon would be an exceptional act of faith. Bylinsky goes on to say that
The search for signals from the stars is a shot in the darkness of the cosmos,
based largely on guesses and speculation, albeit highly interesting ones. What
a way to spend money, on guesses and speculation. However, The search must
go on because if we didnt try we would never know whether intelligent whispers
even now rustle through the spaces along the stars.
According to Don
DeYoung Many more planetary objects outside the solar system no doubt will be
found in coming years. With improved resolution, the detection of Earth-sized
objects will surely increase the hype about possible life in space. However,
close inspection of these objects will show the truth of Isaiah 45:18: God
Himself that formed the earth and made it; He hath established it, He created it
not in vain, He formed it to be inhabited.
The Earth is uniquely created
for life. Other planets may exist in space, but, there is no place like home.
Well, the evolutionist has a desire to communicate with any who might be
out there and they are going to spend your money to do it. To accomplish this
messages have been placed aboard the spacecraft Voyagers 1 and 2. On page 225 it
says these messages were put together by a committee of scientists and
educators assembled by Carl Sagan. The author says The final product of this
work was a two-hour-long phonograph record called Sounds of the Earth. On it
are inscribed greetings from Earth in various languages, samples of various
types of music, and natural sounds of the surf, wind, and thunder, as well as
the sounds of birds, whales, and other animals. The author continues on page
225 saying that The phonograph records are enclosed in aluminium containers
that include a porcelain cartridge, a diamond stylus, and playing instructions.
Each recording begins with electronically encoded pictures, photographs of
people in various countries, landscapes of Earth, various human activities, and
views of the solar system. Also included are messages from then-President
Jimmy Carter and one from UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim. The author
continues to state on pages 225 and 226 that Even if the record is not
deciphered, the spacecraft itself, if retrieved by representatives of another
civilization, would be a message from Earth. This is how desperate these folk
are!
Nearing the end of this chapter and on page 226 Bylinsky says All
these attempts at contacting intelligent inhabitants of the cosmos may be
misdirected...since the life-forms elsewhere may be maintaining radio silence
because they are not technological beings. However, they will continue to spend
your money to seek out life somewhere in the cosmos even if that life-form does
not want to be found or is not as technological as we are! Whatever!
Bylinsky is really shaking the evolutionary tree for all it is worth when he
says on page 226 But discovery from afar, and eventual fact-to-face encounters
with life-forms such as the intelligent octopus, intelligent insect-like
creatures, and brainy offspring of reptiles, as well as many similar beings, is
not out of the question. THIS IS WHERE EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT GETS A PERSON!
Scary is it not?
Mr. Bylinsky conjectures on page 226 that Most of
these creatures would probably have evolved vocal cords or some equivalent and
developed some form of language so that we could communicate with them. Note
probably have is guesswork and outside the realm of observation.
On
page 227 Bylinsky says there could be a positive lesson in the discovery that
man is alone in the universe, a unique, unrepeatable being. He continues his
drivel saying on page 227 that The knowledge that our kind of life is found
only on one fragile planet could drive some sense into the heads of politicians
as they tinker with their lethal arsenals. He concludes page 227 and the book
by writing that The big unanswered question is whether there is intelligent
life on earth, intelligent enough not to wipe out the human race and most of the
other life off the face of the Earth in the madness of a thermonuclear holocaust
before discovering mans real worth and his place among the wonders of Darwins
universe. Mr. Bylinsky, mans real worth is shown in John 3:16 For God so
loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in
him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
CONCLUSION
This
book clearly shows the theory of evolution is not fact but conjecture and much
if not most of what Mr. Bylinsky wrote is simply fiction. However, it was good
for me to read this book written by a person who deeply believes this theory
just to refresh my memory on how far the so-called experts go to replace God
with a naturalistic theory. This theory of evolution goes hand in hand with the
present day global warming climate change experts and their assumptions and
deception. Both seek to displace God from His rightful place.
The
evolutionist is to be pitied and their salvation prayed for. The evolutionist
may believe billions of years for their theory of evolution but they surely must
realize their own mortality and that life as we know it is very short and then
what?! As James says; life is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time,
and then vanisheth away James 4:14. Do they never stop to think that when their
heart stops; what then?
Whether the evolutionist believes it or not once
this life is over there is no second chance.
Hebrews 9:27 And as it is
appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment. Be assured there
will be no evolutionists in hell for then all will know the TRUTH concerning
origins.
Right now the evolutionist is one of those of whom the
Scriptures speak of in 2Corinthians 4:4 In whom the god of this world hath
blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious
gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.
The
evolutionist does not believe it right now but someday they will KNOW and
experience the reality that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of
things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth Philippians
2:10.
May the truth of Acts 26:18 become a certainty to many who now
believe Satans Lie of Evolution and that is for God To open their eyes, and to
turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that
they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are
sanctified by faith that is in me.
Psalm 24:1 The earth is the
LORD'S, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.
Psalm 33:8 Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the
world stand in awe of him.
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